Information Society and Representative or Direct Democracy
Chon, S. H. and Chang, H. Information Democracy. Seoul: Nanam, 1997: pp. 181~205
: Information society brings the changes of political values and the way of participation. This widens citizens' participation and regulates the process of sharing the values more democratically so that makes representative democracy in easier way.
Choi, Y. J., Lee, C, & Lee, J. H. Influence of poll results on the advocates' political discourxe: An application of functional analysis debates to online message in the 2002 Korean presidential election. Asian Journal of Communication 14.1 (2004): 95-110
: "In the 2002 presidential election, the Korean people witnesses a major change in their political systerm; the Internet has changed the concepts of politics and political parties in Korea by empowering greater numbers of people to be actively involved. The most important character in the new political scene is 'Rhosamo' (people who love Roh Moo-hyun, a presidential candidate in the 2002 rate). 'Rhosamo' started as an online fan club with some 300 members after Roh Moo-hyun failed to win a senate seat in the April 2000 general election. Men and women ini their 30s and 40s met on the Internet to help him pursue his goals of promoting political and social reform."
Englebrecht, H. From newly industrializing to newly informatizing country: The primary infomation sector of the republic of Korea. Information Economics and Policy 2.3 (1986): 169-194
Han, D. The middle classes, ideological intention and resurrection of a progressive newspaper: A South Korean Case. Gazette: International Journal for Communication Studies 62.1 (2000): 61-74
Kim, H. S. Media, the public ,and freedom of the press. Social Indicators Research 62.1-63.3 (2003):345-364
p.9-10: "The authoritarian governments used carrot and stick strategies with the Korean news media; the ruling elite promised various favors ranging from massive tax-breaks and business opoortunities to cooperative news media owners. The ruling elite promised various favors ranging from massive tax-breaks and business opportunities to cooperative news media owners. From the first republic of Rhee to the military regimes of Park and Chun, the Korean press has suffered from a lack of freedom, and ethical crises that eroded public trust until recent years. Under Park's dictatorship, all journalistic activities, including news products, were placed either under the close scrutiny of government censor or voluntary self-censors with the new organizations. a few journalists who challenged the system, were either fired or prosecuted."
Kim, Y. The broadcasting audience movement in Korea. Media Culture and Society 23.1 (2001): 91-107
p.98-101: "Behind the revival of the coexistent system was the government's realization that it can no longer directly control broadcasting. From 1988, threatened by the establishment of broadcasters' unions, the government decided to create a commercial broadcaster" We need to understand media with the political context. The movement originally aimed to correct biased news reports from the public service broadcaster. "And it had dealt a serious blow to the KBS."
Kwak, N. The roles of the media and mediated opinion leadership in the public opinion process. Gazette 61.2 (1999): 175-191
Langdale, J. V. International competitiveness in east asia: Broadband telecommunications and interactive multimedia. Telecommunications Policy 21.3 (1997): 235-249
Lee, J. Press freedom and democratization: South Korea's experience and some lessons. Gazette 59.2 (1997): 135-149: The great number of reporters and editors lost their jobs based on the charges of unethical conduct and the lack of journalistic abilities; the government restructured the entire media industry. In the case of the broadcast media, this tendency becomes more prominent. One is the presence of direct external government influences, and the other is the same internal personnel mechanisms. Both presidents of what are called public broadcasting networks are still appointed by the president.
Shin, J. H. & Cameron, G. T. The potential of online media: A coorientational analysis of conflict between PR professionals and journalists in South Korea. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 80.3 (2003): 583-602
Choi, Y. C. Internet newspapers as alternative media: OhMyNews in South Korea. Media Development 51.1 (2004): 28-31: OhMyNews has vocal with criticism of various political issues. Most distinguished thing is news reported by citizen reporters. That induces huge readers with more participation and it contributes for the news to transforms from news as lecture to news as debate.
Ku. G., Kaid, L.L., & Pfau, M. The impact of web site campaigning on traditional news media and public information processing. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 80.3 (2003): 528-547: Web site and Internet-based communication provides powerful new links between politicans and voters and created great impact on the information flow of the traditinal news media with online conferencing, audio and video clip.
Tedesco, J. C., Kaid L.L., & McKinnon, L.M. Network adwatches: Policing the 1996 primary and general election presidential ads. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 44.4 (2000): 541-555
Weaver, D. & Drew, D. Voter learning and interest in the 2000 presidential election: Did the media matter? Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 78.4 (2001): 787-798
Wheeler, M. High-tech politics: The impact of information communication technologies convergence. The Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 4.4 (1998): 42-58
: Information society brings the changes of political values and the way of participation. This widens citizens' participation and regulates the process of sharing the values more democratically so that makes representative democracy in easier way.
Choi, Y. J., Lee, C, & Lee, J. H. Influence of poll results on the advocates' political discourxe: An application of functional analysis debates to online message in the 2002 Korean presidential election. Asian Journal of Communication 14.1 (2004): 95-110
: "In the 2002 presidential election, the Korean people witnesses a major change in their political systerm; the Internet has changed the concepts of politics and political parties in Korea by empowering greater numbers of people to be actively involved. The most important character in the new political scene is 'Rhosamo' (people who love Roh Moo-hyun, a presidential candidate in the 2002 rate). 'Rhosamo' started as an online fan club with some 300 members after Roh Moo-hyun failed to win a senate seat in the April 2000 general election. Men and women ini their 30s and 40s met on the Internet to help him pursue his goals of promoting political and social reform."
Englebrecht, H. From newly industrializing to newly informatizing country: The primary infomation sector of the republic of Korea. Information Economics and Policy 2.3 (1986): 169-194
Han, D. The middle classes, ideological intention and resurrection of a progressive newspaper: A South Korean Case. Gazette: International Journal for Communication Studies 62.1 (2000): 61-74
Kim, H. S. Media, the public ,and freedom of the press. Social Indicators Research 62.1-63.3 (2003):345-364
p.9-10: "The authoritarian governments used carrot and stick strategies with the Korean news media; the ruling elite promised various favors ranging from massive tax-breaks and business opoortunities to cooperative news media owners. The ruling elite promised various favors ranging from massive tax-breaks and business opportunities to cooperative news media owners. From the first republic of Rhee to the military regimes of Park and Chun, the Korean press has suffered from a lack of freedom, and ethical crises that eroded public trust until recent years. Under Park's dictatorship, all journalistic activities, including news products, were placed either under the close scrutiny of government censor or voluntary self-censors with the new organizations. a few journalists who challenged the system, were either fired or prosecuted."
Kim, Y. The broadcasting audience movement in Korea. Media Culture and Society 23.1 (2001): 91-107
p.98-101: "Behind the revival of the coexistent system was the government's realization that it can no longer directly control broadcasting. From 1988, threatened by the establishment of broadcasters' unions, the government decided to create a commercial broadcaster" We need to understand media with the political context. The movement originally aimed to correct biased news reports from the public service broadcaster. "And it had dealt a serious blow to the KBS."
Kwak, N. The roles of the media and mediated opinion leadership in the public opinion process. Gazette 61.2 (1999): 175-191
Langdale, J. V. International competitiveness in east asia: Broadband telecommunications and interactive multimedia. Telecommunications Policy 21.3 (1997): 235-249
Lee, J. Press freedom and democratization: South Korea's experience and some lessons. Gazette 59.2 (1997): 135-149: The great number of reporters and editors lost their jobs based on the charges of unethical conduct and the lack of journalistic abilities; the government restructured the entire media industry. In the case of the broadcast media, this tendency becomes more prominent. One is the presence of direct external government influences, and the other is the same internal personnel mechanisms. Both presidents of what are called public broadcasting networks are still appointed by the president.
Shin, J. H. & Cameron, G. T. The potential of online media: A coorientational analysis of conflict between PR professionals and journalists in South Korea. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 80.3 (2003): 583-602
Choi, Y. C. Internet newspapers as alternative media: OhMyNews in South Korea. Media Development 51.1 (2004): 28-31: OhMyNews has vocal with criticism of various political issues. Most distinguished thing is news reported by citizen reporters. That induces huge readers with more participation and it contributes for the news to transforms from news as lecture to news as debate.
Ku. G., Kaid, L.L., & Pfau, M. The impact of web site campaigning on traditional news media and public information processing. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 80.3 (2003): 528-547: Web site and Internet-based communication provides powerful new links between politicans and voters and created great impact on the information flow of the traditinal news media with online conferencing, audio and video clip.
Tedesco, J. C., Kaid L.L., & McKinnon, L.M. Network adwatches: Policing the 1996 primary and general election presidential ads. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 44.4 (2000): 541-555
Weaver, D. & Drew, D. Voter learning and interest in the 2000 presidential election: Did the media matter? Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 78.4 (2001): 787-798
Wheeler, M. High-tech politics: The impact of information communication technologies convergence. The Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 4.4 (1998): 42-58
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