University of Toronto at Scarborough 2001/2002 Calendar
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(B.Sc.)
Associate Chair: R.E. Dengler
From its early beginnings as a descriptive science, biology has developed into a sophisticated experimental science employing other basic sciences such as chemistry, physics, and mathematics. Modern biology includes the study of the structure and function of all living organisms, including humans. Within biology, various core areas may be distinguished: morphology, taxonomy, physiology, cell biology, biochemistry, genetics and evolution, and ecology. In addition to their fundamental significance, these areas are central to understanding and solving many problems currently confronting humanity.
Four Programs are offered in Biological Sciences.
These include the Biological Sciences Minor and Major Programs
and two Specialist Programs: Biological Sciences and Cell and
Molecular Biology. The Minor Program is intended for students
who have an interest in Biology, but who wish to focus their studies
in Physical Sciences, Social Sciences, Management and Economics,
or Humanities. The Major Program is intended for students who
are interested in Biology and who wish to combine these
studies with other areas of interest. The Specialist Programs permit students to focus their studies on areas of contemporary biology which are of particular interest to them. The Biological Sciences Specialist degree offers the most flexibility for students who wish to concentrate on more than one area of biology. The Cell and Molecular Biology Program is more tailored to students who have a particular interest in this area.
All students registered in Biology Programs are required
to take a set of three second year core lecture courses in Cell
and Molecular Biology, Plant and Animal Physiology, and Ecology
and Evolutionary Biology, and are also required to take one
of the three core laboratories in these areas. Students are advised
to consult the specific Program requirements for their degree,
to meet with the appropriate Program supervisor for advice, and
to obtain a copy of the Biology Students' Handbook from the web
(http://www.scar.utoronto.ca/~lifesci/biology/handbook/) which has more detailed information
and suggestions for streaming. In
a few instances, courses from the other campuses may be used to
satisfy Program requirements, but such substitutions must be pre-approved
by the Supervisor of Studies. Students
who are contemplating enrolment in graduate or professional schools
should consult those Programs for specific entrance requirements
which might be satisfied while fulfilling degree requirements.
NROC34H, Invertebrate Neurobiology, NROC35H, Developmental
Neurobiology, and EESC04H, Biodiversity and Biogeography, were
previously Biology courses and may still be used as Biology courses
to satisfy requirements in the Major and Specialist Programs in
the Biological Sciences.
Supervisor: R.E. Dengler
(Room S552, 416-287-7426)
This Program must include BGYA01Y plus three full-course
equivalents in Biology. At least 1 F.C.E. must be at the C- or
D-level.
2. One-half F.C.E. from among the three core labs: BGYB12H, BGYB32H, or BGYB52H;
3. One-half F.C.E. from the offerings in Structure and Diversity: BGYC17H, BGYC18H, BGYC21H, BGYC22H, BGYC29H, BGYC30H, BGYC40H, EESC04H, BGYC57H, BGYC63H or BGYD52H;
4. Two additional F.C.E.'s in Biology;
5. One F.C.E. in CHMA02Y.
1. Four F.C.E.'s consisting of the core curriculum components: BGYA01Y, BGYB10Y, BGYB30Y, BGYB50Y;
2. One-half F.C.E. from among the three core labs: BGYB12H, BGYB32H, or BGYB52H;
3. One-half F.C.E. from the offerings in Structure and Diversity: BGYC17H, BGYC18H, BGYC21H, BGYC22H, BGYC29H, BGYC30H, BGYC40H, EESC04H, BGYC57H, BGYC63H or BGYD52H;
4. One-half F.C.E. from the offerings in Plant Biology: BGYC29H, BGYC30H, BGYC37H, BGYC40H, BGYC55H, BGYC61H, (BGYD17H) or (BGYD54H);
5. Four and one-half F.C.E.'s in additional Biology courses;
6. One F.C.E. in CHMA02Y;
7. One-half F.C.E. in physics (PHYA10H or PHYA20H);
8. One F.C.E. in MATA26Y or MATA29Y;
9. One F.C.E. from the courses listed by the Divisions of Humanities, Social Sciences, or Management and Economics
Supervisor: C. Hasenkampf
(Room S535, 416-287-7655)
This Program consists of 14 required F.C.E.'s. Students in this Program MUST take CHMA02Y during the first year, and CHMB44Y and BGYB12H during the second year to properly stream through the Program. The required courses are:
1. Four F.C.E.'s consisting of the core curriculum components: BGYA01Y, BGYB10Y, BGYB30Y, BGYB50Y;
2. One-half F.C.E. in BGYB12H;
3. Four F.C.E.'s in essential concepts courses: BGYC12H, BGYC13H, BGYC15H, BGYC17H, BGYC23H, BGYD21H, BGYD22H and BGYD23H;
4. One F.C.E. from among the following Cell and Molecular Biology courses: BGYC18H, BGYC19H, BGYC21H, BGYC22H, BGYC29H, NROC34H, NROC35H, BGYC37H, BGYD10H, (BGYD17H), BGYD18H or BGYD24H;
5. Two F.C.E.'s in CHMA02Y and CHMB44Y;
6. One-half F.C.E. in physics (PHYA10H or PHYA20H);
7. One F.C.E. in MATA26Y or MATA29Y;
8. One F.C.E. from the
courses listed by the Divisions of Humanities, Social Sciences,
or Management and Economics.
The Specialist Program in Conservation Biology and
the Environment has been discontinued. However, students currently
registered in this Program will be permitted to complete the Program.
Biology students who are interested in this area may want to consider
the Biology stream of the Environmental Science Specialist Program.
A lecture and laboratory course designed to examine levels of biological organization such as molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organisms, and populations. The introductory biology course is in effect, a selected review of the discipline and is a prerequisite for all further courses in biology. The first quarter of the course deals with animal physiology with emphasis on gas exchange, blood circulation, excretion, osmoregulation and development. The second quarter examines membranes, enzymes, respiration, photosynthesis, and plant transport, nutrition, development and reproduction. In the third quarter cell structure and function, mitosis, meiosis, and genetics are considered. The fourth quarter concentrates on ecology and evolution by examining natural selection, speciation, population, community structure and dynamics and biodiversity.
Two one-hour lectures and one three-hour laboratory per week.
Exclusion: BIO150Y
C.K. Govind (Team Leader)/T.B.A./
An introduction to cellular and molecular aspects of cells and organisms.
This core course will provide a survey of the methods by which molecules and cells are studied and how genetic information is utilized to affect normal metabolism and to allow the cell to respond to external stimuli. Some of the topics to be covered include: the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins, RNA processing, basic mechanisms that control gene expression, the structure and function of membranes and the maintenance of subcellular compartments, protein sorting, energy production and utilization, the cytoskeleton and cell motility, the cell cycle, and intercellular interactions and signal transduction mechanisms.
Two one-hour lectures per week, plus one two-hour tutorial every third week.
NOTE: Tutorial times alternate with those in both BGYB30Y and BGYB50Y
Exclusion: BIO250Y
Prerequisite: BGYA01Y
A practical introduction to experimentation in cell and molecular biology. Six modules will introduce students to concepts and techniques in the general preparation of solutions and buffers, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, microscopy and data manipulation and communication skills.
This core laboratory course is the gateway for Cell & Molecular biology specialists to get into upper level laboratory offerings.
The lab will meet twice per week for three hours in order that students acquire fundamental skills necessary for advanced laboratories.
Exclusion: BIO250Y
Pre- or Corequisite: BGYB10Y
This course is restricted to students enrolled in the Specialist Program in Cell and Molecular Biology or the Specialist Program in Biological Chemistry or the Major Program in Biochemistry. Additional students will be admitted by instructor if space permits.
A core course in physiology with one of the two terms devoted to animal physiology and the other term to plant physiology. The animal physiology term will consider regulatory mechanisms which control and co-ordinate the functioning of the body such as nerve action potentials, synaptic transmission, muscle contraction, neuromuscular systems, sensory receptors, and hormonal action. The plant physiology term will consider the structure of plant cells; the transport and translocation of water, dissolved minerals and organic compounds; the use of light energy to convert carbon dioxide to carbohydrates in photosynthesis; the regulation of growth and development through the co-ordinated action of specific hormones and environmental cues; and adaptations of plants to their environment.
Two one-hour lectures per week, plus one two-hour tutorial every third week.
NOTE: Tutorial times alternate with those in both BGYB10Y and BGYB50Y.
Exclusions: NROB30H
Prerequisite: BGYA01Y
C.K. Govind/T.B.A.
A course devoted to laboratory exercises in regulatory mechanisms that control and co-ordinate the functioning of the body.
Laboratory exercises examine aspects of nerve compound action potential, chemical synaptic transmission in the CNS and periphery, contraction of striated muscle, heart rhythmicity, mechanoreception, and firing patterns of fast and slow motoneurons. Written reports and tests of the laboratory exercises and a formal examination of all the material are required.
One three-hour laboratory per week and a one-hour lecture.
Exclusions: ZOO252Y
Pre- or Corequisite: BGYB30Y or NROB30H
Evolution is the study of the change in the form and/or behaviour of organisms between generations. Ecology is the study of the interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms.
The fall term covers attributes of populations, species interactions (competition, predation, herbivory, community energetics, nutrient cycling, and conservation).
The spring term covers the development of evolutionary theory, maintenance of genetic variation, origins of species, adaptation, and phylogenetics.
Two one-hour lectures per week, plus one two-hour tutorial every third week.
NOTE: Tutorial times alternate with those in both BGYB10Y and BGYB30Y.
Exclusions: BIO320Y
Prerequisite: BGYA01Y or (EESA04H)
T.B.A./M. Andrade
The emphasis will be on hands-on experimentation, interpretation, and statistical analysis as well as familiarization with computing and ecology. Studies will cover vegetation analysis, small mammal analysis, radiotelemetry, computer simulations, competition and growth, and community dynamics. This course will utilize computer resources of the college.
One hour of lecture per week as required and one four-hour lab per week.
Exclusion: BIO150Y
Pre- or Corequisite: BGYB50Y
Theoretical and practical aspects of the diversity of animal form and function, together with examination of the distribution patterns of representative taxa.
Much of the course will be concerned with invertebrate
animals, as it is amongst their phyla that the vast majority of
the structural and functional diversity of organisms lies. Coverage
will include the major biomes, continental drift, dispersal, endemism,
concepts of abundance and rarity, comparison of the biota of continents
and islands, the fundamental influence of climate, and the invasive
role of mankind in shaping modern biogeography.
One two-hour lecture/discussion group, and one three-hour laboratory per week.
Prerequisites: BGYB50Y or [(EESA04H) & any B- or C-level Biology or Environmental Science course.]
A course designed to introduce students to the properties and behaviour of proteins and enzymes.
The course will analyze factors involved in determining
protein structure and the relationships between proteins structure
and function. Topics will include: the chemistry of amino acids;
the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of
proteins; protein motifs and protein domains; glycoproteins; lipoproteins;
protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions; the analysis of
the interaction of small molecules with proteins; classical enzyme
kinetics and allosteric enzymes; mechanisms of enzyme action.
One three-hour lecture per week.
Exclusion: BCH310H, (BCH320Y), BCH321Y
Prerequisite: BGYB10Y & CHMB44Y
T.B.A.
A course designed to introduce students to cellular metabolism, the process by which living organisms are able to extract and utilize energy from their environment for the maintenance of life.
Topics will include: basic principles of bioenergetics;
chemiosmosis and oxidative phosphorylation; carbohydrate metabolism,
aspects of the metabolism of lipids and amino acids; metabolic
control mechanisms including allosteric control, protein phosphorylation
systems, and hormonal regulation of metabolism. The integration
of metabolic pathways will be discussed.
One three-hour lecture each week.
Exclusion: BCH310H, (BCH320Y), BCH321Y
Prerequisite: BGYB10Y & CHMB44Y
T.B.A.
A lecture and laboratory course in the genetics of inheritance.
The course will begin with a brief review of transcription and translation and the principles of regulation of gene expression. The first major segment will include eukaryotic inheritance and its chromosomal basis. Topics will include a consideration of segregation of alleles, independent assortment, mapping techniques, allelic relationships, gene interactions, and quantitative genetics. The second major segment will be a consideration of types of mutations: point mutations, mutations in chromosome structure, and mutations in chromosome number, and the relationship of mutations to genetic disease and evolution.
Two one-hour lectures and one, one-hour session of interactive problem solving per week, one three-hour lab per week.
Exclusion: BIO260H
Prerequisite: BGYB10Y
A lecture and laboratory course describing the general properties of bacterial cells, employing selected organisms to illustrate the role of bacteria in health, research, biotechnology, the environment and in any field using molecular biology and recombinant DNA approaches.
The laboratories include practical training in basic microbiological techniques which are useful in molecular biology and many other fields.
One two-hour lecture and one three-hour laboratory each week.
Exclusion: MPL200Y
Prerequisite: BGYB10Y or BGYB50Y
A lecture course in which the relationships between micro-organisms and human populations are investigated. Many of these interactions are beneficial (e.g. recombinant DNA technology and biotechnology), while others are detrimental (e.g. infectious disease). Examples of both types of interactions will be discussed to gain a perspective on the importance of microbes.
One two-hour lecture per week.
Prerequisite: BGYC17H
This lecture course will focus on cellular and molecular events which underlie animal development.
Particular reference will be given to the concept that regulation of gene activity is fundamental to development. Following a discussion of cellular and molecular events in early embryonic life, the development of several model systems will be analyzed at the cell and molecular level such as erythropoiesis, lens development in the eye, spermatogenesis and myogenesis.
One two-hour lecture per week.
Prerequisite: BGYB10Y
The structure of the vertebrate body systems with reference to their embryological development and evolution. This course compares the development of representative species from the fertilized egg.
Two one-hour lectures per week and one two-hour laboratory every other
week.
Prerequisite: BGYB10Y or BGYB30Y
Co-requisite: BGYC21H or BGYC22H
Exclusion: ANA301H
C. Pickett
A study of the structure of cells and the various tissue types which make up the vertebrate body: epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous, blood, and lymphatic. Emphasis is placed on the development and function of the cells and tissues.
Two one-hour lectures and one three-hour laboratory per week.
Prerequisite: BGYB10Y or BGYB30Y
The histological structure of the major organ systems of the vertebrate body: sense, integument, digestive, respiratory, excretory, reproductive. Particular emphasis is placed on functional morphology, evolution, and development.
Two one-hour lectures, plus one two-hour tutorial per week.
Prerequisite: BGYC21H
A course designed to introduce students to a range of experimental approaches used in biochemical research.
The course will introduce students to practical and theoretical aspects of a variety of procedures used in the biochemical laboratory including: spectrophotometry; chromatographic procedures; electrophoresis; the use of radioisotopes; protein purification. Students will be expected to solve numerical problems involving these and related procedures.
One two-hour lecture/tutorial plus one four-hour
laboratory each week.
Exclusion: BCH370H, BCH371H
Prerequisite: BGYB12H & BGYC12H
Corequisite: BGYC13H
T.B.A.
A plant structure and development course dealing with the main growth centres, cells, and tissues that make up the plant body of herbaceous and woody vascular plants: apical and lateral meristems, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, epidermis, periderm, xylem, phloem and secretory structures. Relationships between structure and function, development and the evolution of complex cell types are also considered.
Two one-hour lectures and one three-hour laboratory per week.
Exclusions: BOT341H
Prerequisite: BGYB10Y or BGYB30Y
A plant structure and development course concerned with both the fundamental form and the variation in form of root, stem and leaf of vascular plants. Particular attention is given to the developmental processes that are responsible for the diversity in plant form. Some consideration is given to the significance of structural variations to the environment in which a plant grows.
One two-hour lecture and one one-hour lecture per week.
Prerequisites: BGYB10Y or BGYB30Y or BGYB50Y
A comparative approach to the structure, development and reproduction of selected primitive and advanced vascular plants: club mosses, spike mosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms. The study of mature and developing vegetative and reproductive structures contributes to an understanding of some of the important trends in the evolution of land plants over the past 400 million years.
Two one-hour lectures and one three-hour laboratory per week.
Exclusion: BOT310H
Prerequisite: BGYB10Y or BGYB30Y
An introduction to the theory, practice, methodology and analytic techniques employed in the study of the distribution and determinants of disease in human populations.
This course will examine aspects of epidemiology
such as: the observational techniques employed in studying diseases,
the meaning of "population" in epidemiology and methods
of sampling, the types of controls employed, the analysis of data,
the investigation of epidemics, the designing and assessing of
preventative measures, and the
application of epidemiology in community health.
Prerequisites: 0.5 F.C.E. B-level Biology course or 0.5 F.C.E Statistics course
A field course on selected topics of marine biology with particular emphasis on tropical waters. This course will be held during mid-February at a field station in the Caribbean and will have a considerable practical component. Prior to field work, there will be a series of lectures at Scarborough. On site, students will study three main habitat types: rocky shore, open ocean, and coral reef. In addition, students will work on individual field projects.
Limited enrolment: 12
Exclusion: BIO301H
Prerequisite: BGYB50Y or EESC04H or permission of the instructor*
* As this course is often oversubscribed, interested
students must contact the instructor well in advance of the start
of the fall term for details and must, at that time, be prepared
to place a deposit towards the cost of airfare and accommodation.
Places are allocated on a first-come, first-served basis.
A broad survey of the study of animal behaviour from the perspectives of behavioural ecology and ethology, with emphasis on understanding behavioural patterns in the context of evolutionary theory.
Topics include evolution of behaviour, sexual selection, sexual conflict, parental care, parent-offspring conflict, social behaviour, evolutionary psychology, and hypothesis testing in behavioural research. Students will examine original scientific papers in addition to the course textbook to gain a thorough understanding of current research in animal behaviour.
One two-hour lecture and one one-hour tutorial per week.
Exclusion: ZOO322H
Prerequisites: BGYB50Y
An examination of the relationships between micro-organisms (algae, bacteria, fungi) and their environment.
Following a survey of microbial diversity, abiotic factors of major importance to micro-organisms will be discussed. Fundamentals of microbial ecology in aquatic and terrestrial habitats will be examined, including seasonal dynamics, interactions among micro-organisms, productivity, and the role of micro-organisms in nutrient cycling and food webs.
One two-hour lecture per week. Several tutorials and problem sets.
Exclusion: EESC30H
Prerequisite: BGYB10Y or BGYB50Y
T.B.A.
An exploration of the origins of insects, their modern diversity, and their impact on mankind.
Coverage will begin by examining the evolutionary history of the group, which extends back over 400 million years, together with its diversity and morphology. This will be followed by consideration of those species which are important to mankind in terms of commerce, medicine (e.g. allergens, disease, and forensic science), and as competitors. The course will conclude with discussion of the pivotal role played by insects in world ecosystems.
One two-hour lecture/discussion group, and one three-hour laboratory per week. Offered in alternate years.
Prerequisite: EESC04H
The study of the interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of populations.
Emphasis is placed on discussion of experimental studies from current literature. Topics include limitation of population growth; demography; reproduction; population regulation; coexistence and competition; responses to disturbance and stress; the concept of rarity and extinction.
One two-hour lecture and one three-hour laboratory per week. Offered in alternate years.
Exclusion: BIO320Y
Prerequisite: BGYB50Y and BGYB52H
The study of scientific principles of biological conservation.
Lecture topics will include ecological principles of biological conservation; the impact of disease, inbreeding, hybridization, and natural catastrophes on small or fragmented populations; problems and progress on restoration and reintroduction of natural populations; captive breeding Programs; waste management; dynamic interactions between global climate change and biological conservation.
One two-hour lecture and one three-hour tutorial per week.
Exclusion: BIO395H
Prerequisite: BGYB50Y
An examination of the effects of pollutants on ecosystem structure and function.
Pollutants are substances that occur in the environment at least in part as a result of anthropogenic activity, and have deleterious effects on biota. This course deals with the effects of pollutants on the structure (species composition, diversity, food-web complexity), and function (nutrient cycling, productivity) in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Standard methods of assessment of pollutant effects on individuals, populations, and communities will be discussed.
One two-hour lecture per week. Several tutorials and problem sets.
Prerequisite: BGYB50Y
T.B.A.
Inter-university selections from a variety of field courses offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology, a co-operative arrangement among universities in Ontario. Courses, of one or two weeks' duration at a wide variety of field sites usually from late April through mid September. A fee for room and board is charged over and above tuition. Lists of courses available are posted early in January. Sign-up is on a first-come, first-served basis. Students register in the fall after the course has been completed. See the Scarborough co-ordinator, Professor R. Boonstra for further details.
Prerequisites: BGYB50Y or permission of the instructor
An independent study course designed to permit intensive examination of the literature of a selected topic and/or laboratory or field project in biology. Supervision of the work is arranged by mutual agreement between student and instructor. This course requires the student to present his/her results as a short seminar at the Biology Research Day, which is usually held during the study week preceding spring term final exams.
Students must obtain a permission form from the Divisional Office (S421A) that is to be completed and signed by the intended supervisor, and returned to the Divisional Office. At that time, the student will be provided with an outline of the schedule and general requirements for the course.
Exclusion: BOT460Y, ZOO498Y
Prerequisite: Satisfactory completion of fifteen full-course equivalents, of which at least four must be Biological Science B- or C-level courses and permission of the instructor.
Members of Faculty
Identical to BGYD01Y but not to be taken with the same faculty member.
Exclusion: BOT460Y, ZOO498Y
Prerequisite: Satisfactory completion of fifteen full-course equivalents, of which at least four must be Biological Science B- or C-level courses and permission of the instructor.
Members of Faculty
An examination of the structure of eukaryotic nuclear genomes.
The selected topics for the course will be from the areas of chromosome structure and organization, control of chromosome replication, chromosome behaviour in mitosis and meiosis or molecular characterization of genomes -- technological approaches.
One two-hour lecture and one one-hour lecture per week.
Limited enrolment: 40
Prerequisites: BGYC15H
A laboratory and lecture/tutorial course to provide students with information and practical experience in molecular biology.
The course deals with the hosts and vectors useful
in the cloning and expression of DNA sequences; DNA amplification
methods using biological systems and/or the polymerase chain reaction
(PCR); computational analysis of DNA and proteins using the web.
Two three-hour lecture/laboratories per week.
Limited enrolment: 24
Prerequisite: BGYB12H, BGYC15H, BGYC17H
Pre/Co-requisite: BGYC12H
Priority will be given to students enrolled in the
Specialist Program in Cell and Molecular Biology. Additional students
will be admitted only if space permits.
A laboratory course offering "hands on" experience in a range of molecular techniques such as Northern and Southern blotting, in situ hybridization, gel shift assays for transcription factors, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. The course will be organized around a central theme, namely the expression of heat shock genes. In response to stress, all cells activate a highly conserved repair/protective mechanism called the 'heat shock' or 'stress response' in which ongoing transcription and translation is transiently repressed and genes encoding heat shock proteins are induced.
Intensive laboratory course with two meetings of three hours on the same day.
Limited enrolment: 24
Prerequisite: BGYD21H
* Priority will be given to students enrolled in the Specialist Program in Cell and Molecular Biology. Additional students will be admitted by instructor if space permits.
A lecture course focusing on recent advances in the molecular biology of the gene.
The following areas will be included: organization
of the eukaryotic genome, regulation of eukaryotic transcription,
transcription factors, RNA processing, post-transcriptional control
mechanisms, translational control, the molecular biology of chaperones.
An important feature of the course will be to introduce students
to current research papers in scientific journals.
One two-hour lecture per week.
Limited enrolment: 30
Prerequisite: BGYC15H
T.B.A.
A course that will cover selected, contemporary topics in human biology such as evaluating medical discoveries, nutrition, inherited conditions, human fetal development. Topics may vary each time the course is given to permit inclusion of recent studies.
This course does not count for credit in any Biology Program.
Exclusion: BGYA01Y, BIO100Y, BIO150Y
BGYC37H3 Advanced Plant Physiology
Exclusions: BOT251Y, BOT421H
Prerequisite: BGYB10Y & BGYB30Y
BGYC52H3 Ecology Field Course
Exclusions: BIO300H
Prerequisite: BGYB50Y
Co-requisite: BGYB50Y
BGYC56H3 Limnology
Exclusions: ZOO300H, ZOO471Y
Prerequisite: BGYB50Y
BGYC61H3 Advanced Community Ecology
Prerequisite: BGYB50Y
BGYD10H3 Molecular Genetics
Prerequisite: BGYC15H
BGYD24H3 Vertebrate Endocrinology
Exclusion: ZOO325H
Prerequisite: BGYC22H
BGYD51H3 River Ecology
Exclusion: ZOO469Y
Prerequisite: BGYB50Y
BGYD52H3 Seminar in Conservation Biology
Pre/Co-requisite: BGYC63H
University of Toronto at Scarborough 2001/2002 Calendar
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