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(B.Sc.)
Associate Chair: R.E. Dengler
From its early beginnings as a descriptive science, biology has developed into a sophisticated experimental science employing other basic sciences such as chemistry, physics, and mathematics. Modern biology includes the study of the structure and function of all living organisms, including humans. Within biology, various core areas may be distinguished: morphology, taxonomy, physiology, cell biology, biochemistry, genetics and evolution, and ecology. In addition to their fundamental significance, these areas are central to understanding and solving many problems currently confronting humanity.
Four Programmes are offered in Biological Sciences. These include the Biological Sciences Minor and Major Programmes and two Specialist Programmes: Biological Sciences and Cell and Molecular Biology. The Minor Programme is intended for students who have an interest in Biology, but who wish to focus their studies in Physical Sciences, Social Sciences, Management and Economics, or Humanities. The Major Programme is intended for students who are interested in Biology and who wish to combine these studies with other areas of interest. The Specialist Programmes permit students to focus their studies on areas of contemporary biology which are of particular interest to them. The Biological Sciences Specialist degree offers the most flexibility for students who wish to concentrate on more than one area of biology. The Cell and Molecular Biology Programme is more tailored to students who have a particular interest in this area.
All students registered in Biology Programmes are
required to take a set of three second year core lecture courses
in Cell and Molecular Biology, Plant and Animal Physiology, and
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and are also required to take
one of the three core laboratories in these areas. Students
are advised to consult the specific programme requirements for
their degree, to meet with the appropriate programme supervisor
for advice, and to obtain a copy of the Biology students' handbook
from the divisional office (S521B or S421A) which has more detailed
information and suggestions for streaming. In
a few instances, courses from the other campuses may be used to
satisfy programme requirements, but such substitutions must be
pre-approved by the Supervisor of Studies.
Students who are contemplating enrolment in graduate or professional
schools should consult those programmes for specific entrance
requirements which might be satisfied while fulfilling degree
requirements.
The Biology Students' Handbook
A web site exists for Biology students at: http://www.scar.utoronto.ca/acad/life-sciences/biology/handbook/
On the web page, students will find the information
in the latest calendar, advice on choosing courses, and answers
to frequently asked questions.
NROC34H, Invertebrate Neurobiology, NROC35H, Developmental
Neurobiology, and EESC04H, Biodiversity and Biogeography, were
previously Biology courses and may still be used as Biology courses
to satisfy requirements in the Major and Specialist Programmes
in the Biological Sciences.
First Year Students in Biology
Students who are intending to pursue Biology Programmes
should take BGYA01Y, CHMA02Y, & MATA26Y or MATA29Y in first
year.
Supervisor:R.E. Dengler (Room S552, 287-7426)
This programme must include BGYA01Y plus three full-course
equivalents in Biology. At least 1 F.C.E. must be at the C- or
D-level.
Supervisor: R.E. Dengler (Room S552, 287-7426)
Students planning to complete a double major in Biology and Neuroscience must take an extra 0.5 F.C.E. from either Category 4 of the Major Programme in Neuroscience or an extra 0.5 F.C.E. in Biology under Category 4 of the Major Programme in Biological Sciences. Students should consult Programme Supervisor.
This programme consists of 8 required F.C.E.'s:
1. Four F.C.E.'s consisting of the core curriculum components: BGYA01Y, BGYB10Y, BGYB30Y, BGYB50Y;
2. One-half F.C.E. from among the three core labs: BGYB12H, BGYB32H, or BGYB52H;
3. One-half F.C.E. from the offerings in Structure and Diversity: BGYC17H, BGYC18H, BGYC21H, BGYC22H, (BGYC25H), (BGYC26H), (BGYC27H), (BGYC28H), BGYC29H, BGYC30H, BGYC40H, EESC04H, BGYC57H, BGYC63H or BGYD52H;
4. Two additional F.C.E.'s in Biology;
5. One F.C.E. in CHMA02Y.
Supervisor: R.E. Dengler (Room S552, 287-7426)
This Programme consists of 13.5 required F.C.E.'s. Students are encouraged to take CHMA02Y during the first year and an appropriate core laboratory during the second year, as this provides the most flexibility for taking C- and D-level courses. The specific programme requirements are:
1. Four F.C.E.'s consisting of the core curriculum components: BGYA01Y, BGYB10Y, BGYB30Y, BGYB50Y;
2. One-half F.C.E. from among the three core labs: BGYB12H, BGYB32H, or BGYB52H;
3. One-half F.C.E. from the offerings in Structure and Diversity: BGYC17H, BGYC18H, BGYC21H, BGYC22H, (BGYC25H), (BGYC26H), (BGYC27H), (BGYC28H), BGYC29H, BGYC30H, BGYC40H, EESC04H, BGYC57H, BGYC63H or BGYD52H;
4. One-half F.C.E. from the offerings in Plant Biology: (BGYC25H), (BGYC26H), (BGYC27H), (BGYC28H), BGYC29H, BGYC30H, BGYC37H, BGYC40H, BGYC61H, (BGYD17H) or BGYD54H;
5. Four and one-half F.C.E.'s in additional Biology courses;
6. One F.C.E. in CHMA02Y;
7. One-half F.C.E. in physics (PHYA10H or PHYA20H);
8. One F.C.E. in MATA26Y or MATA29Y;
9. One F.C.E. from the
courses listed by the Divisions of Humanities, Social Sciences,
or Management and Economics
Supervisor: C. Hasenkampf (Room S535, 287-7655)
This programme consists of 14 required F.C.E.'s. Students in this programme MUST take CHMA02Y during the first year, and CHMB44Y and BGYB12H during the second year to properly stream through the programme. The required courses are:
1. Four F.C.E.'s consisting of the core curriculum components: BGYA01Y, BGYB10Y, BGYB30Y, BGYB50Y;
2. One-half F.C.E. in BGYB12H;
3. Four F.C.E.'s in essential concepts courses: BGYC12H, BGYC13H, BGYC15H, BGYC17H, BGYC23H, BGYD21H, BGYD22H and BGYD23H;
4. One F.C.E. from among the following Cell and Molecular Biology courses: BGYC18H, BGYC19H, BGYC21H, BGYC22H, (BGYC25H), (BGYC26H), BGYC29H, NROC34H, NROC35H, BGYC37H, BGYD10H, (BGYD17H), BGYD18H or BGYD24H;
5. Two F.C.E.'s in CHMA02Y and CHMB44Y;
6. One-half F.C.E. in physics (PHYA10H or PHYA20H);
7. One F.C.E. in MATA26Y or MATA29Y;
8. One F.C.E. from the
courses listed by the Divisions of Humanities, Social Sciences,
or Management and Economics.
The Specialist Programme in Conservation Biology
and the Environment has been discontinued. However, students currently
registered in this programme will be permitted to complete the
programme. Biology students who are interested in this area may
want to consider the Biology stream of the Environmental Science
Specialist Programme.
A lecture and laboratory course designed to examine levels of organization beginning with biological molecules, then proceeding to cells, tissues, organs, organisms and concluding with populations and their environment. The introductory biology course is in effect, a selected review of the discipline and is a prerequisite for all further courses in biology. The first quarter of the course deals with cell structure and function, mitosis, meiosis, and genetics. The second quarter examines membranes, enzymes, respiration, photosynthesis, and plant transport, nutrition, development and reproduction. In the third quarter animal physiology is considered with emphasis on nutrition, gas exchange, blood circulation, excretion and osmoregulation. The fourth quarter concentrates on ecology and evolution by examining natural selection, speciation, population, community structure and dynamics and biodiversity.
Two one-hour lectures and one three-hour laboratory per week.
Exclusion: (BIOA03Y), BIO150Y
C.K. Govind (Team Leader) /
C. Hasenkampf / G. Vanlerberghe / T.B.A.
An introduction to cellular and molecular aspects of cells and organisms.
This core course will provide a survey of the methods by which molecules and cells are studied and how genetic information is utilized to affect normal metabolism and to allow the cell to respond to external stimuli. Some of the topics to be covered include: the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins, RNA processing, basic mechanisms that control gene expression, the structure and function of membranes and the maintenance of subcellular compartments, protein sorting, energy production and utilization, the cytoskeleton and cell motility, the cell cycle, and intercellular interactions and signal transduction mechanisms.
Two one-hour lectures per week, plus one two-hour tutorial every third week.
NOTE: Tutorial times alternate with those in both BGYB30Y and BGYB50Y
Exclusion: (BIOC20Y), BIO250Y
Prerequisite: (BIOA03Y) or BGYA01Y
A practical introduction to experimentation in cell and molecular biology. Six modules will introduce students to concepts and techniques in the general preparation of solutions and buffers, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, microscopy and data manipulation and communication skills.
This core laboratory course is the gateway for Cell & Molecular biology specialists to get into upper level laboratory offerings.
The lab will meet twice per week for three hours in order that students acquire fundamental skills necessary for advanced laboratories.
Exclusion: BIO250Y
Pre- or Corequisite: BGYB10Y
This course is restricted to students enrolled in the Specialist Programme in Cell and Molecular Biology or the Specialist Programme in Biological Chemistry or the Major Programme in Biochemistry. Additional students will be admitted by instructor if space permits.
A core course in physiology with one of the two terms devoted to animal physiology and the other term to plant physiology. The animal physiology term will consider regulatory mechanisms which control and co-ordinate the functioning of the body such as nerve action potentials, synaptic transmission, muscle contraction, neuromuscular systems, sensory receptors, and hormonal action. The plant physiology term will consider the structure of plant cells; the transport and translocation of water, dissolved minerals and organic compounds; the use of light energy to convert carbon dioxide to carbohydrates in photosynthesis; the regulation of growth and development through the co-ordinated action of specific hormones and environmental cues; and adaptations of plants to their environment.
Two one-hour lectures per week, plus one two-hour tutorial every third week.
NOTE: Tutorial times alternate with those in both BGYB10Y and BGYB50Y.
Exclusions: (BIOB06Y), (BIOB17Y), NROB30H
Prerequisite: (BIOA03Y) or BGYA01Y
C.K. Govind / G.C. Vanlerberghe
A course devoted to laboratory exercises in regulatory mechanisms that control and co-ordinate the functioning of the body.
Laboratory exercises examine aspects of nerve compound action potential, chemical synaptic transmission in the CNS and periphery, striated muscle contraction including fast and slow types, heart rhythmicity, and mechanoreception. Written reports and tests of the laboratory exercises and a formal examination of all the material are required.
One three-hour laboratory per week and a one-hour lecture as required.
Exclusions: (BIOB17Y), ZOO252Y
Pre- or Corequisite: BGYB30Y or NROB30H
Evolution is the study of the change in the form and/or behaviour of organisms between generations. Ecology is the study of the interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms.
The fall term covers the development of evolutionary theory, maintenance of genetic variation, origins of species, adaptation, and phylogenetics.
The spring term covers attributes of populations, species interactions (competition, predation, herbivory, community energetics, nutrient cycling, and conservation).
Two one-hour lectures per week, plus one two-hour tutorial every third week.
NOTE: Tutorial times alternate with those in both BGYB10Y and BGYB30Y.
Exclusions: (BIOB12Y), BIO320Y
Prerequisite: (BIOA03Y) or BGYA01Y or (EESA04H)
T.B.A.
The emphasis will be on hands-on experimentation, interpretation, and statistical analysis as well as familiarization with computing and ecology. Experiments will cover vegetation analysis, computer simulations, competition and growth, inbreeding, acidification, and community dynamics. This course will utilize computer resources of the college.
One hour of lecture per week as required and one four-hour lab per week.
Exclusion: (BIOB12Y), BIO150Y
Pre- or Corequisite: BGYB50Y
Theoretical and practical aspects of the diversity of animal form and function, together with examination of the distribution patterns of representative taxa.
Much of the course will be concerned with invertebrate animals, as it is amongst their phyla that the vast majority of the structural and functional diversity of organisms lies. Coverage will include the major biomes, continental drift, dispersal, endemism, concepts of abundance and rarity, comparison of the biota of continents and islands, the fundamental influence of climate, and the invasive role of mankind in shaping modern biogeography.
One two-hour lecture/discussion group, and one three-hour laboratory per week.
Exclusion: (BIOC29H)
Prerequisites: [BIOA03Y] or BGYB50Y or [(EESA04H) & any B- or C-level Biology or Environmental Science course.]
A course designed to introduce students to the properties and behaviour of proteins and enzymes.
The course will analyze factors involved in determining protein structure and the relationships between proteins structure and function. Topics will include: the chemistry of amino acids; the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins; protein motifs and protein domains; glycoproteins; lipoproteins; protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions; the analysis of the interaction of small molecules with proteins; classical enzyme kinetics and allosteric enzymes; mechanisms of enzyme action.
Three one-hour lectures per week.
Exclusion: (BIOC35Y), (JBCC35Y), BCH310H, (BCH320Y), BCH321Y
Prerequisite: [(BIOA03Y) or BGYB10Y] & CHMB44Y
A course designed to introduce students to cellular metabolism, the process by which living organisms are able to extract and utilize energy from their environment for the maintenance of life.
Topics will include: basic principles of bioenergetics; chemiosmosis and oxidative phosphorylation; carbohydrate metabolism, aspects of the metabolism of lipids and amino acids; metabolic control mechanisms including allosteric control, protein phosphorylation systems, and hormonal regulation of metabolism. The integration of metabolic pathways will be discussed.
Three one-hour lectures each week.
Exclusion: (BIOC35Y), (JBCC35Y), BCH310H, (BCH320Y), BCH321Y
Prerequisite: [(BIOA03Y) or BGYB10Y] & CHMB44Y
A lecture and laboratory course in the genetics of inheritance.
The course will begin with a brief review of transcription and translation and the principles of regulation of gene expression. The first major segment will include eukaryotic inheritance and its chromosomal basis. Topics will include a consideration of segregation of alleles, independent assortment, mapping techniques, allelic relationships, gene interactions, and quantitative genetics. The second major segment will be a consideration of types of mutations: point mutations, mutations in chromosome structure, and mutations in chromosome number, and the relationship of mutations to genetic disease and evolution.
Two one-hour lectures and one, one-hour session of interactive problem solving per week, one three-hour lab per week.
Exclusion: (BIOB05Y), BIO260H
Prerequisite: BGYB10Y
A lecture and laboratory course describing the general properties of bacterial cells, employing selected organisms to illustrate the role of bacteria in health, research, biotechnology, the environment and in any field using molecular biology and recombinant DNA approaches.
Students will gain awareness of the streamlined organization of bacterial cells, their physiological abilities and how these impact on other organisms, including ourselves. The laboratories include practical training in basic microbiological techniques which are useful in molecular biology and many other fields.
One two-hour lecture and one three-hour laboratory each week.
Exclusion: (BIOB02Y), MPL200Y
Prerequisite: (BIOA03Y) or BGYB10Y or BGYB50Y
A lecture course in which the relationships between
micro-organisms and human populations are investigated. Many of
these interactions are quite beneficial (e.g. recombinant DNA
technology and biotechnology), while others are enormously detrimental
(e.g. infectious disease). Examples of both types of interactions
will be discussed to gain a perspective on the importance of these
cell types.
One two-hour lecture per week.
Exclusion: (BIOB02Y)
Prerequisite: BGYC17H
J.C. Silver
This lecture course will focus on cellular and molecular events which underlie animal development.
Particular reference will be given to the concept
that regulation of gene activity is fundamental to development.
Following a discussion of cellular and molecular events in early
embryonic life, the development of several model systems will
be analyzed at the cell and molecular level such as erythropoiesis,
lens development in the eye, spermatogenesis and myogenesis.
One two-hour lecture per week.
Exclusion: (BIOB23Y)
Prerequisite: (BIOA03Y) or BGYB10Y
I.R. Brown
A study of the structure of cells and the various tissue types which make up the vertebrate body: epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous, blood, and lymphatic. Emphasis is placed on the development and function of the cells and tissues.
Two one-hour lectures and one three-hour laboratory per week.
Exclusion: (BIOB25H)
Prerequisite: (BIOA03Y) or BGYB10Y or BGYB30Y
T.B.A.
The histological structure of the major organ systems of the vertebrate body: sense, integument, digestive, respiratory, excretory, reproductive. Particular emphasis is placed on functional morphology, evolution, and development.
Two one-hour lectures, plus one two-hour tutorial per week.
Exclusion: (BIOB26H)
Prerequisite: (BIOB25H) or BGYC21H
T.B.A.
A course designed to introduce students to a range of experimental approaches used in biochemical research.
The course will introduce students to practical
and theoretical aspects of a variety of procedures used in the
biochemical laboratory including: spectrophotometry; chromatographic
procedures; electrophoresis; the use of radioisotopes; protein
purification. Students will be
expected to solve numerical problems involving these and related procedures.
One two-hour lecture / tutorial plus one four-hour laboratory each week.
Exclusion: (BIOC36H), (JBCC36H), BCH370H, BCH371H
Prerequisite: BGYB12H, BGYC12H or (BIOC35Y)
Corequisite: BGYC13H (for students who have not completed (BIOC35Y) only)
A plant structure and development course dealing with the main growth centres, cells, and tissues that make up the plant body of herbaceous and woody vascular plants: apical and lateral meristems, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, epidermis, periderm, xylem, phloem and secretory structures. Relationships between structure and function, development and the evolution of complex cell types are also considered.
Two one-hour lectures and one three-hour laboratory per week.
Exclusions: (BIOC37H), (BIOC38H), (BGYC25H), (BGYC26H), BOT341H
Prerequisite: (BIOA03Y) or BGYB10Y or BGYB30Y
This course examines aspects of how plants function. An integrated approach is taken, in which topics are examined from physiological, biochemical and molecular biological perspectives. Lecture topics include: cell walls; carbon, nitrogen and energy metabolism; hormones; regulation of gene expression; responses to light, pathogens and environmental stress; lipid and secondary metabolism; membrane transport; and prospects for plant improvement through gene transfer. Laboratories examine processes such as water relations; nutrient relations; hormonal action; photosynthesis; and symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
Two one-hour lectures per week and one three-hour lab or tutorial most weeks.
Exclusion: BOT251Y, BOT421H
Prerequisite: (BIOA03Y), or BGYB10Y & BGYB30Y
Coverage of basic principles and selected techniques of animal and plant ecology. Students will study a variety of aspects of local ecosystems (both aquatic and terrestrial).
Five hours of lecture/laboratory per week and/or
occasional weekend field trips. Offered in alternate years.
Limited enrolment: 15
Exclusion: (BIOC03H), BIO300H
Prerequisite: (BIOB12Y) or BGYB50Y
Co-requisite: (BIOB12Y) or BGYB50Y
Co-ordinator: R. Boonstra
A field course on selected topics of marine biology with particular emphasis on tropical waters. This course will be held during reading week at a field station in the Caribbean and will have a considerable practical component. Prior to field work, there will be a series of lectures at Scarborough. On site, students will study three main habitat types: rocky shore, open ocean, and coral reef. In addition, students will work on individual field projects.
Limited enrolment: 12
Exclusion: (BIOC16H), BIO301H
Prerequisite: (BIOB12Y) or BGYB50Y or permission of the instructor*
* As this course is often oversubscribed, interested
students must contact the instructor well in advance of the start
of the fall term for details and must, at that time, be prepared
to place a deposit towards the cost of airfare and accommodation.
Places are allocated on a first-come, first-served basis.
An examination of the relationships between micro-organisms (algae, bacteria, fungi) and their environment.
Following a survey of microbial diversity, abiotic factors of major importance to micro-organisms will be discussed. Fundamentals of microbial ecology in aquatic and terrestrial habitats will be examined, including seasonal dynamics, interactions among micro-organisms, productivity, and the role of micro-organisms in nutrient cycling and food webs.
One two-hour lecture per week. Several tutorials and problem sets.
Exclusion: (BIOC18H), (BIOB03)
Prerequisite: (BIOB02Y) or (BIOB12Y) or BGYB10Y or BGYB50Y
T.B.A.
A branch of ecology dealing with interactions of lake biota and the environment.
Physical, chemical, and biological properties of lakes will be examined with special reference to north temperate lakes. The structure and function of normal lake ecosystems will be examined with the objective of gaining insight into lake responses to anthropogenic perturbations such as nutrient pollution (eutrophication), acidification, and global climate change.
One two-hour lecture plus one three-hour laboratory or tutorial per week.
Exclusion: (BIOC19H), ZOO370H, ZOO471Y
Prerequisite: (BIOB12Y) or BGYB50Y
T.B.A.
An exploration of the origins of insects, their modern diversity, and their impact on mankind.
Coverage will begin by examining the evolutionary history of the group, which extends back over 400 million years, together with its diversity and morphology. This will be followed by consideration of those species which are important to mankind in terms of commerce, medicine (e.g. allergens, disease, and forensic science), and as competitors. The course will conclude with discussion of the pivotal role played by insects in world ecosystems.
One two-hour lecture / discussion group, and one three-hour laboratory per week. Offered in alternate years.
Exclusion: (BIOC30H)
Prerequisite: (BIOA03Y) or EESC04H
The study of assemblages of populations living in a prescribed habitat.
This course examines both the theory and methodology of community analysis with an emphasis on the factors regulating the development of terrestrial ecosystems. The application of ecological theory to solving environmental problems is emphasized. Topics include succession; primary productivity; nutrient supply; herbivory; predation; competition; trophic dynamics; stability and disturbance; introduced species, and effects of global change.
One two-hour lecture and one three-hour laboratory per week.
Exclusion: (BIOC47H)
Prerequisite: (BIOB12Y) or BGYB50Y
T.B.A.
An examination of the effects of pollutants on ecosystem structure and function.
Pollutants are substances that occur in the environment at least in part as a result of anthropogenic activity, and have deleterious effects on biota. This course deals with the effects of pollutants on the structure (species composition, diversity, food-web complexity), and function (nutrient cycling, productivity) in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Standard methods of assessment of pollutant effects on individuals, populations, and communities will be discussed.
One two-hour lecture per week. Several tutorials and problem sets
Exclusion: (BIOC68H)
Prerequisite: (BIOB02Y) or (BIOB12Y) or BGYB50Y
T.B.A.
Inter-university selections from a variety of field courses offered by the Ontario Universities Programme in Field Biology, a co-operative arrangement among universities in Ontario. Courses, of one or two weeks' duration at a wide variety of field sites from late April through mid September. A fee for room and board is charged over and above tuition. Lists of courses available are posted early in January. Sign-up is on a first-come, first-served basis. Students register in the fall after the course has been completed. See the Scarborough co-ordinator, Professor R. Boonstra for further details.
Exclusion: (BIOC99H)
Prerequisites: (BIOB12Y) or BGYB50Y or permission of the instructor
An independent study course designed to permit intensive examination of the literature of a selected topic and/or laboratory or field project in biology. Supervision of the work is arranged by mutual agreement between student and instructor. This course requires the student to present his/her results as a short seminar at the Biology Research Day, which is usually held during the study week preceding spring term final exams.
Students must obtain a permission form from the Divisional Office (S421A) that is to be completed and signed by the intended supervisor, and returned to the Divisional Office. At that time, the student will be provided with an outline of the schedule and general requirements for the course.
Exclusion: BOT460Y, ZOO498Y, (BIOD01Y)
Prerequisite: Satisfactory completion of fifteen full-course equivalents, of which at least four must be Biological Science B- or C-level courses and permission of the instructor.
Members of Faculty
Identical to BGYD01Y but not to be taken with the same faculty member.
Exclusion: BOT460Y, ZOO498Y (BIOD02Y)
Prerequisite: Satisfactory completion of fifteen full-course equivalents, of which at least four must be Biological Science B- or C-level courses and permission of the instructor.
Members of Faculty
An examination of genetic systems that go beyond Mendelian genetics, and the central dogma of molecular biology. This course will consider the following topics: recombination in bacteria and their viruses, recombinant DNA methodology, mutation, transposable genetic elements, immunogenetics, viral genetics and genomics. One three-hour meeting per week.
The weekly meetings will consist of a variable mixture
of traditional lecture, group problem solving, student presentations,
and open format discussions.
Limited enrolment: 40
Exclusion (BIOD05H)
Prerequisite: (BIOB05Y) or BGYC15H
C. Hasenkampf
A laboratory and lecture/tutorial course to provide students with information and practical experience in molecular biology.
The course will deal with the hosts and vectors useful in the cloning and expression of DNA sequences. DNA amplification methods using biological systems and/or the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), will be covered. Computational analysis of DNA and proteins.
One three-hour lecture/laboratory plus one three-hour laboratory per week.
Limited enrolment: 24
Prerequisite: BGYB12H, BGYC15H, BGYC17H
Priority will be given to students enrolled in the Specialist Programme in Cell and Molecular Biology. Additional students will be admitted by instructor if space permits.
A laboratory course offering "hands on" experience in a range of molecular techniques such as Northern and Southern blotting, in situ hybridization, gel shift assays for transcription factors, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. The course will be organized around a central theme, namely the expression of heat shock genes. In response to stress, all cells activate a highly conserved repair/protective mechanism called the 'heat shock' or 'stress response' in which ongoing transcription and translation is transiently repressed and genes encoding heat shock proteins are induced.
Intensive laboratory course with two meetings of
three hours on the same day.
Limited enrolment: 24
Exclusion: (BIOD19H)
Prerequisite: BGYD21H
* Priority will be given to students enrolled in
the Specialist Programme in Cell and Molecular Biology. Additional
students will be admitted by instructor if space permits.
A lecture course focusing on recent advances in the molecular biology of the gene.
The following areas will be included: organization
of the eukaryotic genome, regulation of eukaryotic transcription,
transcription factors, RNA processing, post-transcriptional control
mechanisms, translational control, the molecular biology of chaperones.
An important feature of the course will be to introduce students
to current research papers in scientific journals.
One two-hour lecture per week.
Limited enrolment: 30
Exclusion: (BIOD19H)
Prerequisite: BGYC15H
I.R. Brown
A course concerned with the role of vertebrate hormones in the regulation of excretion, metabolism, reproduction, development, and neural activity through a description of the structure and function of the endocrine system.
Subject areas will be dealt with at anatomical, physiological and molecular levels. Initially, information will be provided through weekly lectures and a tutorial where some microscopic anatomy will be presented. Eventually, information will be conveyed by an oral report by each student which has followed from their extensive examination of recent literature. Evaluation will be through a term test, a written report, participation in discussions, and a final written examination.
One two-hour lecture and one two-hour tutorial per
week.
Limited enrolment: 20
Exclusion: ZOO325H
Prerequisite: (BIOB26H) or BGYC22H
J.H. Youson
Critical topics in conservation biology will be discussed.
Each student will be expected to present one one-hour seminar on a critical conservation issue. The course will involve guest lecturers from universities, government and industry. Topics could include songbird declines in North America, game harvesting, threatened coral reef communities, the role of National Parks, and clear cutting and its impact on wildlife.
One three-hour lecture/tutorial per week.
Prerequisite or co-requisite: BGYC63H
A course that will cover selected, contemporary topics in human biology such as evaluating medical discoveries, nutrition, inherited conditions, human fetal development. Topics may vary each time the course is given to permit inclusion of recent studies.
This course does not count for credit in any Biology Programme.
Exclusion: BGYA01Y (BIOA03Y), BIO100Y, BIO150Y
BGYC30H3 Plant Morphology
Exclusions: (BIOC37H), (BIOC38H), (BGYC25H), (BGYC26H)
Prerequisite: (BIOA03Y) or BGYB10Y or BGYB30Y or BGYB50Y
BGYC40H3 Plant Diversity
Exclusions: (BIOB40H), (BGYC28H), BOT310H
Prerequisite: (BIOA03Y) or BGYB10Y or BGYB30Y
BGYC59H3 Advanced Population Ecology
Exclusion: (BIOC46H), BIO320Y
Prerequisite: (BIOB12Y) or BGYB50Y
BGYC63H3 Conservation Biology
Exclusions: (BIOC65H), BOT395H
Prerequisite: (BIOB12Y) or BGYB50Y
BGYD18H3 Molecular and Classical Cytogenetics
Exclusion: (BIOD18H)
Prerequisite: (BIOB05Y) or (BIOC20Y) or (BIOC35Y) or BGYC15H
BGYD51H3 River Ecology
Exclusion: (BIOD15H), ZOO469Y
Prerequisite: (BIOB12Y) or BGYB50Y
BGYD54H3 Restoration Ecology
Prerequisite: BGYB50Y and one other C-level BGY or EES laboratory course
BGYD56H3 Conservation Genetics
Exclusion: (BIOD61H), BIO459H
Prerequisite: BGYB10Y & BGYC63H
Co-requisite: BGYC63H
BGYC59H3 Advanced Population Ecology
Exclusion: (BIOC46H), BIO320Y
Prerequisite: (BIOB12Y) or BGYB50Y
BGYC63H3 Conservation Biology
Exclusions: (BIOC65H), BOT395H
Prerequisite: (BIOB12Y) or BGYB50Y
BGYD18H3 Molecular and Classical Cytogenetics
Exclusion: (BIOD18H)
Prerequisite: (BIOB05Y) or (BIOC20Y) or (BIOC35Y) or BGYC15H
BGYD51H3 River Ecology
Exclusion: (BIOD15H), ZOO469Y
Prerequisite: (BIOB12Y) or BGYB50Y
BGYD54H3 Restoration Ecology
Prerequisite: BGYB50Y and one other C-level BGY or EES laboratory course
BGYD56H3 Conservation Genetics
Exclusion: (BIOD61H), BIO459H
Prerequisite: BGYB10Y & BGYC63H
Co-requisite: BGYC63H
Full Listing of Courses Not Offered
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